Stones are formed in the kidney. Small size stones are pushed into ureter along with urine to pass out of the urinary tract.

When obstructed at -

• Upper one third of ureter
  • DJ stenting followed by rigid URS
  • PCNL if kidney is hydronephrotic ( enlarged in size) &
    Alternative
    Flexible URS with Laser
• Middle one third of ureter Rigid URS with/ without DJ stenting
  Alternative
• Flexible URS with Laser
• Lower 1/3 of ureter
• Rigid URS with DJ stenting
• Bladder and urethra Cystolitholopexy (Endoscopic crushing and removal)